Canada is a relative newcomer to diamond mining. De Beers, the world's leading diamond company, started prospecting for diamonds in Canada in the early 1960s. In 1987, a second year geology student Brad Wood who was working for De Beers stumbled upon kimberlite rocks, volcanic rocks that sometimes contain diamonds, while fishing on Attawapiskat River, in the James Bay lowlands of Northern Ontario. The site would eventually become today's Victor Mine.
But it wasn't until 1991, when two enterprising geologists, Stewart Blusson and Chuck Fipke, discovered large diamond deposits in the Lac de Gras region of the Northwest Territories that the word learned of Canada's Arctic diamonds.
Diamond production at the Anglo-Australian mining giant BHP Billiton's EKATI Mine in the Lac de Gras region, about 300 kilometres northeast of Yellowknife, started in 1998 (Fipke and Blusson, each hold a 10 per cent share in the EKATI Mine). In 2003, Rio Tinto, another giant British-Australian mining and metals company, opened its Diavik Mine not far from EKATI. And in 2008, De Beers opened its first Canadian mine at Snap Lake about 220 kilometres northeast of Yellowknife.
Ontario joined Canada's diamond club in 2008, when De Beers started commercial diamond production at its Victor mine, about 90 kilometres west of the First Nations community of Attawapiskat, in northern Ontario.
In less than a decade, Canada was propelled to the diamond mining major leagues, becoming the world's third-largest producer, by value of rough stones, behind Botswana and Russia.
In 2010 Canada produced 11.8 million carats (Mct) of rough diamonds, worth an estimated $2.4 billion, according to Louis Perron, senior policy advisor to Canada's Ministry of Natural Resources.
Canada's diamond production currently accounts for approximately 19.2 percent of world production, estimated in 2010 at 133.1 Mct and valued at $12 billion, Perron said.
Here's a map of Canada's diamond mines:
View Arctic Diamonds in a larger map