A least sandpiper was caught in a mist net as biologists were trying to catch pectoral sandpipers and long-billed dowitchers in the Anchorage Coastal Wildlife Refuge to sample the live birds for the presence of the deadly avian flu virus.
Bird flu search called off course
Fears of bird flu span the globe on cranes' wings
Health officials remain focused on bird flu threat
Testing shorebirds here is first line of defense against avian virus
Published: May 18, 2006
Last Modified: May 18, 2006 at 01:15 PM
At a salt marsh along Anchorage's mucky west coast, federal scientist Bob Gill palmed a tiny shorebird trapped only minutes earlier in a fine-mesh net.
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It was a female pectoral sandpiper and, Wednesday morning, the little pond-wader became the unwitting volunteer in an extraordinary quest:
Find the first carrier of deadly avian flu in North America.
One of the world's impressive long-distance migrants, most pectoral sandpipers range from Argentina through Alaska to Siberia. The fear is that some wild birds will catch the flu in Asian breeding grounds and bring it here.
This particular bird, the first captured for testing here at the edge of the continent, had probably arrived in Anchorage only days ago to forage for bugs and worms in marshes below the Coastal Trail. It's likely bound for Russia or Arctic Alaska. Just passing through.
But was it infected?
While Gill held the bird's head and sharp beak firmly between fingers protected by gloves, biologist Lee Tibbitts inserted a sterile swab in the bird's anal cavity.
"You've got to twist around," Gill said. "There you go."
The bird's beady little eyes blinked, but it gave no other sign of distress at the maneuver. Then Tibbitts eased the swab free and stowed it in a vial of pink fluid. It would soon be tested at a national lab.
This local effort launched an unprecedented government project to intercept the H5N1 strain, a virulent killer of poultry that has sparked fears of a new human pandemic.
During the next five months, bird biologists will swab, poke, measure and tweak as many as 12,000 birds in Alaska -- some 28 different high-priority species caught or killed from the brown tundra of the Yukon Delta to the silty flats near Alaska's largest city.
Alaska leads the way in the national bird flu surveillance because it's the migratory hub for dozens of Asian and North American species. But by the end of summer, biologists with three federal departments hope to sample 75,000 to 100,000 live and dead birds from the Pacific Islands to the Atlantic flyway. Another 50,000 samples will be taken of water or feces.
"It's pretty unique," said Paul Slota, a spokesman from the National Wildlife Health Center in Wisconsin, where samples will undergo initial screening. "I've been (a federal biologist) for 30 years, and I've never seen this much cooperation by the departments of Agriculture, Interior and Health and Human Services, all working for the same goal."
The scientists will probe genetics and diet, plus band captured birds to find out where they go. But the major focus will be the detection of the deadly H5N1, a virus that has killed millions of domestic and wild birds across Asia, Europe and Africa since it first appeared in 1997.
This nightmare strain does not easily spread to humans. But 115 of the 208 people confirmed with the disease since 2003 have died, according to statistics posted Monday by the World Health Organization.
Almost every known victim caught the H5N1 flu directly from poultry, usually after constant daily exposure to chickens and geese raised in family flocks. Only one report has blamed exposure to infected wild birds, when several women died in Azerbaijan this winter after plucking dead swans, according to the World Health Organization.
If the H5N1 flu were to evolve into a form that could move quickly from person to person, health officials say, it has the potential to trigger a global outbreak with deaths in the tens of millions.
Since last week, shorebird biologists from the Alaska Science Center had been watching for the arrival of pectoral sandpipers and long-billed dowitchers, two of Alaska's 28 high-priority species. Monday and Tuesday, Tibbitts and biologist Dan Ruthrauff spied increasing numbers of both species foraging in the salt flats along Cook Inlet.
Wednesday, they returned with Gill and several other biologists to test trapping techniques. Under cool gray skies, they placed walk-in traps in the muck to capture dowitchers and strung lightweight nets against the sky for the sandpipers.
Within a few minutes, a batch of about 20 birds skittered into the nets. Among them was the pectoral sandpiper.
Ruthrauff removed the bird and slipped it into a bag. Gill and others struggled to get the birds from the mesh while wearing surgical gloves -- a new requirement for preventing exposure to bird flu.
"I've never used gloves before," Gill said, as he concentrated on unraveling a fluttering western sandpiper from the mesh.
Soon the team had carried the birds to the shore in Rubbermaid totes. With Tibbitts and Ruthrauff helping, Gill measured the birds, took blood samples, plucked a certain feather for tests and clipped bands on their legs.
After he finished with the sandpiper, Gill set it down in the grass. It leaped up, tripped, sprang up again, then trotted away, zigzagging through the hummocks.
But something was wrong. Its left wing didn't lay down. Gill watched it for a moment, then ran out and caught the bird.
"Nothing's broken," he said, gingerly examining the wing. "It could have been strained in the net."
They decided to keep the bird overnight. Maybe it would recover.
Reporter Doug O'Harra can be reached at doharra@gci.net.
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