Nation/World

Sexual assaults in the military spiked nearly 38% last year, Pentagon says

WASHINGTON - The Pentagon recorded a nearly 38 percent spike in sexual assaults reported by service members in 2018, according to data released Thursday, despite senior military officials repeatedly saying in recent years that they have a problem that must be addressed.

The statistics show about 20,500 instances of "unwanted sexual contact," a category that includes rape, forcible sodomy, groping and other offenses. Reported assaults increased from about 14,900 in 2016 and were about on par with the 20,300 documented in 2014, according to biennial survey results released by the Pentagon.

Acting Defense Secretary Patrick Shanahan said the survey makes clear that the Pentagon must do more to address the culture that allows sexual assaults and harassment to persist.

"To put it bluntly, we are not performing to the standards and expectations we have for ourselves or each other," he said in a memo. "This is unacceptable. We cannot shrink from facing the challenge head on. We must, and will, do better."

The elevated numbers add fuel to a contentious debate about sexual misconduct in the military and the role commanders play in determining whether to initiate legal proceedings. That role is defended by many service members who see it as critical to command structure and condemned by critics who charge it is a holdover from an earlier era and fosters bias.

Those conflicting views - brought to public attention after the 1991 Tailhook scandal exposed the prevalence of sexual misconduct - were reignited this year when Sen. Martha McSally, R-Ariz., a retired fighter pilot, revealed during a Senate hearing that she had been raped while in the military.

McSally, who did not immediately report the attack, told a riveted audience that when she did decide to talk about it, she felt as if "the system was raping me all over again." She then sided with tradition, arguing that "the commander must not be removed from the decision-making responsibility of preventing, detecting and prosecuting military sexual assault."

ADVERTISEMENT

For those who argue that independent military prosecutors, and not commanders, should decide whether to pursue these cases, McSally's testimony dashed hopes as quickly as it raised them.

"It was a step forward and a step back," said Don Christensen, who is president of the victims advocacy group Protect our Defenders and was in the hearing room - a step forward for a leader of McSally's stature to share her horrific experiences but a setback, he said, to hear her conclusion.

McSally, who later said she came forward “to give some hope” to other survivors, declined to be interviewed for this article. In a statement issued Thursday, she said sexual assault “whether in the military or in communities across our country is abhorrent and intolerable.”

"The numbers released today confirm that the time is now to impart lasting change within the military and that it is more urgent than ever," she said.

During the Senate hearing, she criticized commanders who do not want the responsibility, saying they have a duty to "stay at the center of the solution."

Retired Marine Sarah Plummer Taylor, who said she was raped early in her military career, derived no hope from McSally’s testimony. “I don’t know how you could have lived that and then say (the system) should stay,” she said. “I am not a lawyer, but for the most part we should be aiming for impartiality, at least for a neutral start.”

Shanahan said the steps the Pentagon will adopt to address the problem include making sexual harassment a crime in the military. The Pentagon also must adopt new ways of assessing the culture in military units, improve ways to catch repeat offenders and better scrutinize recruits for character before they are selected, he added.

Many proponents of change speak about how their exposure to the civilian system influenced them - and how the ongoing debate in Congress reflects a loss of civilian power over the military. A potent combination of history and culture, they say, underlies fidelity to the current way of doing things.

Passed by Congress in 1950, the Uniform Code of Military Justice, based in 18th-century command structure, is the foundation for the military's parallel legal system. It applies to all U.S. military members worldwide and governs all offenses, from straggling to spying to mutiny and murder, whether or not the crimes are related to service. It continues to hold sway over former servicemen and servicewomen, like McSally, even after they retire.

"If Senator McSally robbed a bank, she could be prosecuted in a court-martial," said Eugene R. Fidell, a specialist in military law who is one of the attorneys challenging the constitutionality of court-martial jurisdiction over retirees in a current case in U.S. District Court, Larabee v. Spencer.

Other countries, including Britain, Canada and New Zealand, have adopted independent prosecutors - a practice championed by Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand, D-N.Y., who has led the charge in Congress to get the United States to follow suit through the Military Justice Improvement Act, aimed at professionalizing the prosecution of serious crimes.

"The status quo is not working," Gillibrand said in a statement. "It's time for Congress to step up and bring accountability where the Department of Defense has repeatedly failed."

Commanders may be motivated by concerns such as avoiding high court-martial numbers, which could reflect problems in their leadership, or perhaps protecting a phenomenal fighter pilot, said Christensen, who was a prosecutor, defense counsel and military judge during his career in the Air Force.

“It’s easy to prosecute people you don’t like,” he said, “and hard to prosecute people you like.”

ADVERTISEMENT